Efavirenz Adverse Reactions

When dealing with Efavirenz adverse reactions, the unwanted effects that can happen while taking the antiretroviral drug efavirenz. Also called Efavirenz side effects, these reactions are a key concern in HIV therapy, especially because they often target the central nervous system and may be worsened by drug interactions.

The most common CNS issues include vivid dreams, dizziness, and mood swings. These symptoms stem from efavirenz’s ability to cross the blood‑brain barrier, a property that also makes it effective against HIV reservoirs in the brain. Patients with a history of psychiatric illness or those taking other CNS‑active drugs are especially vulnerable. In terms of pharmacology, efavirenz is metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2B6; genetic variations in this enzyme can raise drug levels and amplify side effects. Managing the risk means checking liver function, adjusting dose when needed, and reviewing all concurrent medications for potential interactions.

Beyond the brain, efavirenz can cause skin rashes, gastrointestinal upset, and, in rare cases, hepatotoxicity. Spotting early signs—like a new rash or unexplained fatigue—lets you act before the problem escalates. Lifestyle tweaks such as staying hydrated, avoiding alcohol, and maintaining a balanced diet can lessen mild symptoms. If side effects become severe, clinicians may switch to alternative agents like dolutegravir or rilpivirine, keeping the overall HIV regimen effective while improving tolerability. Below you’ll find a curated set of articles that dive deeper into each of these areas, from detailed symptom checklists to step‑by‑step guidance on navigating drug‑interaction pitfalls.