ACEPROMAZINE DESCRIPTION

Acepromazine

Acepromazine Maleate

Acepromazine is one of the most commonly used tranquilizers in veterinary medicine. It is a phenothiazine compound. Its mode of action is only partially understood but it involves blockage of dopamine nerve receptors in the brain. It causes tranquilization and also has an anti-emetic effect. This makes it especially useful for treating car sickness, since that is often a combination of fear and motion sickness in dogs.

The recommended dosage for acepromazine is 0.25mg to 1mg per pound of body weight. In most cases it is not necessary to use the higher dosages. That is not true for use in trying to control fear based aggression. Acepromazine is considered to be very safe. The average toxic dose is significantly higher than the recommended dosage (at least 20 times the dose). Despite this, acepromazine does have some significant effects that must be considered. It can cause hypotension (lowering of blood pressure). This effect may be exaggerated in Boxers and there have been anecdotal reports of death of Boxers after the use of acepromazine. In addition, acepromazine seems to make it easier for dogs with seizure disorders to have a seizure. This medication should not be used near the time of dipping or treatment with organophosphates for flea control.

Acepromazine doesn't have any pain-killing effects. Many dogs seem to be able to will themselves to overcome its effects, at least temporarily. This makes it less than ideal as a drug for dealing with aggressive or fearful dogs but there have not been better alternatives for medicating prior to the visit. It works often enough that many vets will try this approach first. We do this when we think it has a chance of helping make an office visit go easier. We just remember to continue to be very careful when examining the dog.

What is Acepromazine used for?
Acepromazine is a tranquilizer used in dogs (exclusively) prior to surgery and anesthesia. Acepromazine has a sedative effect and prevents the dog from vomiting.

Acepromazine Availability
Acepromazine is available by prescription only

Acepromazine Side effects / special precautions
Side effects of acepromazine include sedation, depression, incoordination, low blood pressure, slower heart rate and breathing. As with any phenothiazine, this medication may color the urine pink. Occasionally, this medication may have an opposite effect causing stimulation and aggression.

Acepromazine should not be used in animals allergic to it. Use with caution in animals with liver disease or heart disease. Do not use in animals with low blood volume, anemia or shock. Do not use in animals with seizure disorders. Do not give to pregnant or lactating animals. This medication should not be used to treat aggression since it may make the animal aggressive as a side effect. Phenytoin, antiarrhythmics such as quinidine, and beta blockers such as propranolol, should be used with caution when taking acepromazine. Antidiarrheal medications and antacids can reduce the absorption of acepromazine thereby reducing its effectiveness. Do not use with epinephrine. Do not use with other CNS depressant drugs such as phenobarbital. Always tell your veterinarian and pharmacist what other medications your pet is taking.

In the event of an Acepromazine overdose
Contact your veterinarian or veterinary emergency room. Symptoms of overdose may include excess drowsiness, slow heart rate and breathing, unsteady movement, unconsciousness, low blood pressure or seizures.

How should I store Acepromazine
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed. Store at room temperature, away from excess heat, light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Keep out of the reach of children and pets.